Indian Economy Through Different Phases

The economy of India is the eleventh largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). In the 1990s, following economic reform from the socialist-inspired economy of post-independence India, the country began to experience rapid economic growth, as markets opened for international competition and investment. In the 21st century, India is an emerging economic power with vast human and natural resources, and a huge knowledge base. Economists predict that by 2020 India will be among the leading economies of the world.


India was under social democratic-based policies from 1947 to 1991. The economy was characterised by extensive regulation, protectionism, public ownership, pervasive corruption and slow growth Since 1991, continuing economic liberalisation has moved the economy towards a market-based system. A revival of economic reforms and better economic policy in 2000s accelerated India's economic growth rate. In recent years, Indian cities have continued to liberalize business regulations. By 2008, India had established itself as the world's second-fastest growing major economy just behind china. However, the year 2009 saw a significant slowdown in India's official GDP growth rate to 6.1% as well as the return of a large projected fiscal deficit of 6.8% of GDP which would be among the highest in the world. This huge growth in fiscal deficit is mainly because of market slowdown and huge investment in social sector. Despite the crisis GOI is fully adhere to its social commitments and is very much confident about returning to its FRBM targets in a year or more.


India's large service industry accounts for 62.5% of the country's GDP while the industrial and agricultural sector contribute 20% and 17.5% respectively. Agriculture is the predominant occupation in India, accounting for about 52% of employment. The service sector makes up a further 34%, and industrial sector around 14%. The labor force totals half a billion workers.
India's per capita income (nominal) is $1,030, ranked 139th in the world, while its per capita (PPP) of US$2,940 is ranked 128th . India currently accounts for 1.5% of World trade as of 2007 according to the WTO. According to the World Trade Statistics of the WTO in 2009, India's total merchandise trade (counting exports and imports) was valued at $385 billion in 2008.

Indian economy an overview

Indian economy Rank 11th in terms of nominal GDP and 4th in terms of PPP(purchasing power parity)

Currency 1 Indan Rupee (INR) (₨) = 100 Paise



Fiscal year 1 April — 31 March

Trade organizations WTO, SAFTA, G-20 and others

Statistics
GDP $1.236 trillion (2009) (nominalrank; 11th) $3.526 trillion (2009)[1] (PPP rank; 4th)

GDP growth 7.4% (2009/2010)

GDP per capita $1,030 (2009) (nominal rank; 139th) $2,940 (2009)[1] (PPP rank; 128th)

GDP by sector agriculture (17.5%), industry (20%), services (62.5%) (2009 est.)

Inflation (CPI) 10.16% (May. 2010)

Food inflation (16.87%) (Apr. 2010)

Population 1024 million (2001)

below poverty line 27%

Labour force 467 million

Labour force
by occupation agriculture (52%), industry (18%), services (30%)

Main industries telecommunications, textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, information technology

External
Exports $155 billion f.o.b (2009)

Export goods software, petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures

Main export partners US 12.3%, UAE 9.4%, China 9.3% (2008)

Imports $232.3 billion f.o.b (2009)

Import goods crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Main import partners China 11.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.5%, US 6.6%, UAE 5.1%, Iran 4.2%, Singapore 4.2%, Germany 4.2% (2008)

FDI stock $156.30 billion (31 December 2009)

Gross external debt $232.5 billion (31 December 2009)

Foreign reserves $287.37 billion (end-Dec 2009)